biocentrism: life itself has intrinsic moral worth
instrumental value: means to an end, timber for making houses, fish for eating, glasses for seeing, shoes.
anthropocentrism:
What really matters?
What/who is a moral patient? “The one who is acted upon”
What has moral standing?
What really works?
-practicality
-cause & effect
-incentive
-probabilities/predictability
Locus of value
-individual
-species
-ecosystems
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